Hydrogen atom, the quantization of energy, alkali atom, energy level diagram, effective quantum number and quantum defect, Lamb shift, two electron atom, LS and JJ coupling, X-ray spectra: energy levels, emission and absorption spectra; magnetic effects, processional motion, Spin-orbit interaction, fine structure, Influence of external magnetic field: Zeeman and Paschen-back effects in one and two electron atom, g-factor,

general factors influencing spectral line widths (collisional, Doppler Heisenberg), transition probability, population of states, Beer- Lambert law, molecular symmetry, irreduciable representation rotational spectra of diatomic molecule, intensity of spectral lines, Effect of isotope substitutions, non-rigid rotator, vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules, harmonic and anharmonic Vibrator-rotational spectra pure rotational raman spectra, linear and symmetric top molecules, vibrational Raman spectra, rotational fine structure, selection rule, overtone spectra. electronic properties of molecules: electronic spectra of diatomic molecules: Born- Oppenheimer approximation, Franck-Condon principle, dissociation energy and dissociation products, rotational fine structures, pre-dissociation of molecules, spontaneous and stimulated emission; Einstein A and B coefficient; optical pumping population inversion; rate equation; modes of resonators and coherence length.